洗发水

洗发水的清洁剂 ，以清洁你的头发和你的头皮。 Most shampoos clean your hair very well.大多数洗发水清洁你的头发非常好。 Where they differ is how your hair feels afterward, depending partly on the strength of the surfactants.如果它们不同的是如何认为你的头发后，一定程度上取决于其强度的表面活性剂。 Stronger clarifying shampoos should not be used more than once or twice a week.更有力的澄清洗发水不应当被用来不止一次或每周两次。 Those designed for daily use contain mild surfactants and are less likely to irritate the scalp.这些专为日常使用含有温和表面活性剂和不太可能刺激头皮。
Ingredients of shampoos成分的洗发水
All shampoos are 80-90% water with 2-8% detergents and foaming agents and about 1% fragrance and preservatives.所有的洗发水是80-90 ％的水2-8 ％洗涤剂和发泡剂和1 ％左右的香水和防腐剂。 Shampoos often contain antistatic and detangling agents as well as thickeners, humectants, sequestering agents, colour and conditioners.洗发水通常包含抗静电和detangling代理人以及增稠剂， humectants ，碳剂，颜色和空调。
Effective detergents include sodium lauryl sulfate, laureth sulfate and sulfosuccinate.有效的洗涤剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠，硫酸和laureth磺酸钠。 They give the hair a squeaky clean feel.他们给头发一做得干干净净的感觉。
Clarifying shampoos contain heavy-duty surfactants.澄清洗发水含有重型表面活性剂。 Body building shampoos contain proteins that bond to hair and increase its volume.班子建设洗发水含有蛋白质，头发和债券，以增加其数量。
Moisturizing shampoos are the best choice for dry, flyaway hair.保湿洗发水是最好的选择，干燥，隔热的头发。 They can cut down on static, make split ends look better (by gluing them together with proteins), and pull moisture onto hair to keep it from getting too dry.他们可以减少静电，使开叉好看（由粘合在一起的蛋白质） ，并把水分到头发保持它太干燥。
Revitalizing or replenishing shampoos are made for color-treated, permed, and damaged hair and contain gentler surfactants.振兴或补充洗发水是彩色处理， permed ，和受损的毛发和含有温和表面活性剂。 They may include ingredients designed to retain colour or to help to repair split ends, but there's little evidence that they are effective.它们可能包括成分设计保留肤色或帮助修复开叉，但几乎没有证据表明，他们是有效的。
2-in-1 shampoos with conditioner save time but may leave your hair feeling too dry or sticky. 2合1洗发水与护发节省时间，但可留下您的头发的感觉太干或粘性。
Baby shampoos contain amphoterics and have less detergent and are not designed for cleaning adult hair, especially when alot of styling products have been used.婴儿洗发水含有较少amphoterics和洗涤剂，而不是专为成人头发的清洁，尤其是当大量的造型产品已被使用。 They may be appropriate for someone that has damaged hair and who finds standard shampoos too harsh.他们可能是适当的人说，已经损坏的头发，谁认定标准洗发水过于苛刻。
如何使用洗发水
Wet the scalp and hair using warm or cool water (hot water can be drying to the hair and scalp).湿头皮和头发用热烈或冷却水（热水可干燥的头发与头皮） 。 Apply a 5 to 10-cent amount of shampoo to palm and rub hands together to evenly distribute.适用5至10美分数额的洗发水，以棕榈油，用手擦出平均分配。 Apply the shampoo to the scalp.适用于洗发水的头皮上。 Massage gently with your fingertips for about 30 seconds and then rinse thoroughly.按摩与您的指尖轻轻地为大约30秒，然后彻底冲洗。
You only need to lather your hair once under normal conditions.你只需要你的头发一旦泡沫在正常情况下。 Lather is destroyed by sebum so an oily scalp may require a second shampoo.泡沫是破坏皮脂所以油性头皮可能需要第二次洗发水。 Excessive lather is wasteful: it doesn't clean hair any better.过多的泡沫是一种浪费：它不干净的头发更好。 Shampoo should be easy to rinse off, but conditioners, styling products and chemical processes may leave a residue.洗发水应易于冲洗，但是空调，造型产品和化学过程可能会留下残余物。
After rinsing, apply some conditioner in one hand and rub palms together to evenly distribute.经过清洗，适用于一些空调在一方面和摩擦双手合十，以均衡地分配。 Apply conditioner from the middle of the hair shaft down to ends.适用于空调，来自中东的头发骨干到结束。 Avoid the scalp unless scalp is dry.避免头皮除非头皮干燥。 Comb conditioner through hair to distribute product evenly.头发梳空调通过分发产品均匀。 Leave conditioner on hair for a few seconds to help smooth the cuticle.离开空调头发上几秒钟，以帮助顺利角质层。 Rinse thoroughly.彻底冲洗。
Conditioners are designed to counteract the effect of detergents, repair static electricity and split ends.空调旨在抵消影响的洗涤剂，修理静电开叉。 A silicone film smoothes cuticles and reduces friction and hair breakage, and maintains colour.硅胶膜平滑角质层，并减少摩擦和头发断裂，并保持颜色。 Conditioners often contain anionics for softness and manageability.空调通常包含anionics的柔软性和可管理性。
Medicated shampoos药用洗发水
Medicated shampoos may contain salicylic acid to loosen flakes of skin, and selenium sulfide , zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole or ciclopirox to reduce the numbers of Malassezia yeasts on the scalp.药用洗发水可能含有水杨酸放松片的皮肤， 硫化硒 ，锌pyrithione ， 酮康唑或环吡减少的数目马拉酵母菌的头皮上。 They are very helpful in dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis .它们是非常有益的头皮屑和seborrhoeic性皮炎 。 They may also help treat scalp psoriasis and atopic dermatitis , but often shampoos containg coal tar are more useful in these conditions.他们还可以帮助治疗头皮银屑病和特应性皮炎 ，但往往是洗发水含煤焦油更有益的这些条件。
Medicated shampoos need to be left on for longer than normal shampoos.药用洗发水需要留在超过正常的洗发水。 Ideally, make the hair wet 10 minutes before your shower/bath.理想的情况下，使头发湿前10分钟的淋浴/浴。 Apply medicated shamoo as above.适用于药shamoo如上。 and massage gently into the scalp.并轻轻按摩到头皮上。 Leave for 10 minutes and rinse off well.离开10分钟，冲洗以及关闭。
You may still use a conditioner afterwards.您仍可以使用空调之后。
Skin problems due to shampoos皮肤问题，由于洗发水
Shampoos can irritate and cause scalp problems.洗发水可以刺激并造成头皮问题。 These are rare with modern products made by reputable manufacturers if they have been designed for sensitive skin and are used appropriately.这是罕见的与现代制造的产品有信誉的生产商，如果他们已经设计用于敏感皮肤，并使用得当。 Overwashing may have the following effects: Overwashing可能有以下影响：
The pH of the skin surface may change: look for pH-balanced shampoos. pH值的皮肤表面可能会改变：寻找pH值平衡的洗发水。
The number and type of bacteria and yeasts on the skin surface may change, resulting in dandruff or seborrhoeic dermatitis .的数量和类型的细菌和酵母菌的皮肤表面可能会改变，从而导致头皮屑或seborrhoeic皮炎 。
The surface oil film ( sebum ) is removed, allowing greater water loss through the epidermis to the skin surface, from where it evaporates.表面油膜（ 皮脂 ）被删除，让更多的水土流失通过表皮的皮肤表面，从那里蒸发。
The de-fatted skin may become excessively dry.去脱脂皮肤可能会变得过于干燥。
The surface horny cells may be loosened, disturbing barrier function and allowing more water loss.表面角质细胞可能放松，令人不安的屏障功能，并允许更多的水损失。 The skin becomes more permeable to chemicals such as hair dye and perming solution.皮肤变得更为容易渗透到化学品，如染发和烫发解决方案。
Dry skin is more prone to infection with Staphylococcus aureus , resulting in impetigo . 干燥的皮肤更容易受到感染的金黄色葡萄球菌 ，导致脓疱疮 。
Irritant contact dermatitis (red, dry, chafed skin) may develop. 刺激性接触性皮炎 （红色，干燥，皮肤恼火）可能发展。 This may be provoked by the dry skin itself, or by a particular surfactant in the shampoo.这可能是所挑起皮肤干燥本身，或由某一特定表面活性剂在洗发水。 Sodium lauryl sulphate is more irritating than sodium laureth sulphate for example.十二烷基硫酸钠是令人厌烦的其中钠laureth硫酸的例子。
Stinging, especially if dermatitis is already present.刺痛，特别是如果性皮炎已经存在。
Contact urticaria (immediate redness, itching and swelling) may arise due to a fragrance or preservative.接触性荨麻疹（立即发红，瘙痒和肿胀）可能产生的原因是香味或防腐剂。
Allergic contact dermatitis (a delayed but persistent reaction) may develop to a component of the shampoo. 过敏性接触性皮炎 （延迟，但持续的反应）可能发展到一个组成部分的洗发水。 Because they are rinsed off, true contact allergy to shampoo is rare.因为他们是冲洗后，真正接触过敏的洗发水是罕见的。 However it may result from:然而，它可能是由于：
Botanicals such as chamomile , lavender and rose oil植物，如甘菊 ，薰衣草和玫瑰油
Preservatives, such as Kathon CG or quaternium-15防腐剂，如凯松协商小组或quaternium - 15
Fragrances 香水
Protein contact dermatitis, a rare mixture of contact urticaria and allergic dermatitis, due to a protein component such as peanut or oatmeal.蛋白质接触性皮炎，这是一种罕见的混合接触性荨麻疹和过敏性皮炎，由于蛋白质的组成部分，如花生或燕麦片。