Visible Breakthrough: MEGA Life and Health Insurance Company Consolidates Applications and Boosts Performance on 64-Bit Technology.
Imagine it.
The Insurance Center of The MEGA Life and Health Insurance Company ("MEGA") provides health insurance to self-employed individuals. After three years of strong growth, The Insurance Center applications couldn't keep up with the increasing number of policies and claims—performance was dropping while maintenance times and costs increased. The Insurance Center wanted to increase its capacity yet consolidate the number of servers needing support.
Done.
To that end, the company migrated its key applications to 64-bit hardware and software: Unisys ES7000 servers with Intel&<74;&<60;Itanium&<74;&<60;2 processors running Microsoft&<74;&<60;SQL Server 2000 (64-bit) on Microsoft&<74;&<60;Windows&<74;&<60;Server 2003 for Itanium-based Systems. With this solution, The Insurance Center consolidated 20 servers onto four server clusters, increased application performance at least 43 percent, improved system availability, reduced maintenance time by 100 days and cut hardware costs.
Visible Breakthrough: Positioned for Growth
Through powerful 64-bit technology and a streamlined IT environment, The Insurance Center has a robust, highly available server platform to support growing processing requirements and meet real-time business needs.
Secure Business Operation
Claims processing
Innovation Metrics
Performance: Daily load time of the IVR data has been cut from nearly 2 hours to just under 1 hour; total maintenance time has been cut from 4 hours to just under 30 minutes; and the time needed to update the IVR rules has been reduced from 26 hours to 7 hours.
Cost:&<60; The company expects to see around $1M in cost savings from reduced maintenance time and hardware costs in the first year.
Growth: Scalable platform based on 64-bit technology readily handles business growth.
Productivity: Systems management and administration is easier after consolidating 20 servers onto four server clusters.
Business Challenge: Eliminate Processing Delays and Support Growth
Dealing with rapid growth is the sort of challenge that a company doesn't mind having, and The Insurance Center of The MEGA Life and Health Insurance Company ("MEGA") is no exception. The Insurance Center is licensed to issue health and life insurance in all states but New York. Business at The Insurance Center has been booming since the turn of the millennium. The growth has been driven largely by MEGA, which provides health insurance and related products to self-employed individuals. However, quickly building an infrastructure to support that rate of expansion is a challenge, and The Insurance Center was in danger of being overwhelmed by its own success.
The Insurance Center relies on a combination of mainframe and distributed systems for its daily operations. The mainframe—running IBM z/OS—serves as the data store for insurance policies. The mainframe also hosts most of the core applications that apply the policy rules to incoming claims and determine if and at what rate the policies should be paid. In addition, The Insurance Center runs at least 47 separate applications on servers running the Microsoft Windows 2000 Server operating system and the Microsoft SQL Server 2000 database.
The two largest and most important applications are the Nortel Interactive Voice Response (IVR) and eiStream Imaging systems. The IVR application downloads policy and claim data from the mainframe and then makes it available to healthcare providers and MEGA clients over the telephone through an automated response system. The IVR application also makes the data available over the Internet at a customer self-service portal. The eiStream system stores the scanned images of paper documents and manages the workflow for The Insurance Center customer service staff.
After two years of serving an ever-increasing number of customers, the systems—and The Insurance Center's IT staff—were becoming strained. The IVR application was especially problematic. Each night, the application loaded the claims and policies processed by the mainframe that day. As The Insurance Center grew, the IVR system was loading and processing a database every night that comprised as many as 500,000 claims and policies for 300,000 customers. As a result, a process that was supposed to happen each business day within a two-hour window was frequently taking more than two hours to complete. Some processes could take as long as 26 hours to complete.
"The server for the IVR system was running at capacity every night," says Glen Whitling, Database Administrator (DBA) Manager for The Insurance Center. "The data had to be available by 6:00 A.M, and there were times that we missed the deadline."
If the mainframe extract files were not available early enough in the morning, the IVR system had to use data that was one or two days old. The delay would also complicate business analysis at The Insurance Center, requiring the company analysts to reconcile the data in the IVR system with the data on the mainframe.
Weekends provided no respite, because that was when The Insurance Center performed system maintenance—re-indexing and checking for consistency—on its eiStream Imaging databases. The tasks, which took more than four hours to complete, needed to be performed at times that would not interfere with system availability to customers and healthcare providers. "We had to start scheduling backup and maintenance times that affected image processing that needed to be complete before the next business day," says Whitling. "There were times when people needed to use the system, but because of the system maintenance, the performance was severely degraded."
The IT staff at The Insurance Center also faced a growing maintenance workload, because the furious pace of growth encouraged the company to add more server computers whenever more capacity was needed. "For a period of time, the policy was to add another server whenever we added another application," says Whitling. The result was more servers than the group could maintain easily or utilize effectively. "Some of our systems were at capacity, while others were underutilized," says Whitling. Regardless of how efficiently an individual server was being used, The Insurance Center staff had to work just as hard to maintain each one.
Finally, although The Insurance Center had backups standing by in case a server or an application failed, restoring service often required manual intervention. The large IVR and imaging systems were particularly vulnerable because they took a lot of time to return to service and because they were so integral to the company's daily operations. "If our imaging application went down, we would have to send some of the company home," says Whitling. "It would take us hours to restore the application and the databases."
Solution: Consolidation onto More Powerful Servers
The Insurance Center knew that it couldn't solve the problems it faced by adding more servers. The IT staff was already struggling to maintain the servers in use—many of which were underutilized. "What we were doing wasn't sustainable," says Whitling. "We had to figure out a way to improve our system performance, consolidate our servers, and increase availability."
The company also concluded that it couldn't simply buy servers with more powerful 32-bit processors. "Generally, our issues were less about processor speed and more about the effective utilization of memory," says Whitling. "We looked at 32-bit servers but realized that even with faster processors, system memory would still be a bottleneck. So we decided that we needed to move to 64-bit systems."
Despite the performance advantage of the 64-bit systems, the decision was not a simple one. "We took a big risk on moving to a technology that was still very new," recalls Whitling. "With the support we received from Unisys, Microsoft, and Intel&<74;, however, it was one of the better decisions we've made."
The company knew that it wanted to continue using systems running the Microsoft Windows Server operating system and SQL Server 2000, which are part of Windows Server System integrated server software. Although The Insurance Center evaluated hardware from several hardware vendors, the group chose Unisys after Unisys prepared and executed a five-week proof of concept in July 2003. Unisys and The Insurance Center tested the IVR and imaging applications on ES7000 Aries 130 servers with four Intel&<74; Itanium&<74; 2 processors. The servers ran Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems and SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition (64-bit).
The Unisys consultants really understood and supported what we were trying to do. They helped us take the theories we had and prove them out in the real world.Glen WhitlingDatabase Administrator (DBA) ManagerThe Insurance Center
The results were dramatic. Even though the Itanium&<74; 2 processors ran at a lower clock speed than that of the four-way, 32-bit Intel&<74; Xeon&<74; processor clusters that The Insurance Center had been using, the test systems ran almost all of the applications and procedures an average of 35 percent faster. The one glaring exception was the IVR rules process: The new systems cut the time 74 percent, from 26 hours to 7 hours. “The Unisys consultants really understood and supported what we were trying to do," says Whitling. "They helped us take the theories we had and prove them out in the real world."On the basis of the successful proof of concept, The Insurance Center purchased nine ES7000 Aries 410 servers. Each server has eight Itanium 2 processors and runs Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems and SQL Server 2000 (64-bit). The company reserved one server as an internal development environment and configured the other eight into four active/ passive clusters, each cluster consisting of one active and one passive server.
The company installed its IVR application on one cluster, installed its imaging application on a second cluster, and then consolidated the applications running on 18 other servers onto the other two clusters. The nine servers are connected to EMC Symmetrix DMX networked storage systems through a storage area network.
The deployment started in November 2003, and the system went into full operation in January 2004.
Results: Cost-Effective, Better-Performing IT Infrastructure
By moving to Unisys systems running Intel&<74; Itanium&<74; processors and SQL Server 2000 (64-bit), The Insurance Center was able to increase the performance of its key applications—in some cases, processes are now running four times as fast as before. The Insurance Center was also able to consolidate 18 servers down to 4, significantly reducing both hardware costs and maintenance time.
Application performance increased by at least 43 percent
The new hardware and software dramatically boosted the performance of The Insurance Center's applications. The improvement varied depending on the application or process but ranged from 43 percent to nearly 400 percent. Specifically, the daily load time of the IVR data has been cut from nearly 2 hours to just under 1 hour, the total maintenance time has been cut from 4 hours to just under 30 minutes, and the time needed to update the IVR rules has been reduced from 26 hours to 7 hours. "Working with Unisys, Microsoft, and Intel&<74; to move our systems to 64-bit has increased both our application performance and our efficiency," says Whitling.
Savings of more than U.S.$1 million expected
The server consolidation has significantly affected the company's bottom line. As a result of the project, The Insurance Center expects to see an initial savings of around U.S.$234,000 and year one savings of $802,000 for a non-redundant environment or $1,600,000 for a redundant environment. In addition, the company expects a return on its investment in little over a year.
Maintenance and hardware costs reduced
The increased performance of the Itanium&<74; 2-based systems has enabled The Insurance Center to consolidate applications running on 18 individual servers onto two active/passive SQL Server 2000 clusters.
That consolidation has reduced the IT department's workload by 100 days per year, permitting staff to spend less time on maintenance and administration and more time on developing and tuning applications. "Consolidating our servers has relieved the burden on my staff," says Whitling. "It's much easier to manage 27 servers than it is to manage 47 servers."
The performance of our 64-bit systems has saved us from needing to buy 10 to 15 servers since the deployment.Glen WhitlingDatabase Administrator (DBA) ManagerThe Insurance Center
In addition, the increased performance afforded by the Unisys servers running Itanium&<74; 2 processors has enabled The Insurance Center to install new applications on the servers it has, rather than buy additional hardware. "The performance of our 64-bit systems has saved us from needing to buy 10 to 15 servers since the deployment," says Whitling.
System availability improved through server clustering
The Insurance Center has significantly increased the availability of its applications by installing them on active/passive nodes running SQL Server 2000 (64-bit); if the active server experiences trouble, the system automatically fails over to the backup server. The transition takes seconds, and the applications are available without interruption. "We lost a memory module on one of the servers, and we didn't even know it until the next morning," says Whitling. "That server failed over, and the applications continued running."
64-bit platform provides capacity for future expansion
In addition to building a system that meets its current needs, The Insurance Center has used components from Microsoft, Unisys, and Intel&<74; to design a solution that provides plenty of room for growth.
With Microsoft, Unisys, and Intel&<74;, we built a long-lasting solution that will help us maintain a strong competitive position, while keeping our IT costs under control.Glen WhitlingDatabase Administrator (DBA) ManagerThe Insurance Center
"The Itanium&<74; 2 processors give us extra capacity," says Whitling. "They're more powerful and can manipulate more data than our old CPUs could. That added functionality, combined with the ability to upgrade the Unisys ES7000 servers, positions us best for the long term. With Microsoft, Unisys, and Intel&<74;, we built a long-lasting solution that will help us maintain a strong competitive position, while keeping our IT costs under control."
Whitling also cites the progress that Microsoft has made in 64-bit software. "The maturity of the 64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003 and SQL Server 2000 allows us to reevaluate our mainframe environment," says Whitling. "The software has grown into an enterprise-level solution."
The Relationship: Leveraging Partner Know-How
By working with Unisys, Microsoft, and Intel&<74;, The Insurance Center was able to transition to the new systems in a matter of weeks. The company was able to streamline its IT environment, achieve cost savings, and minimize risks associated with the project. "Unisys came in and was a part of the group," says Whitling. "There were setbacks and things that didn't go as planned, but Unisys, Microsoft, and Intel&<74; helped us put together an excellent solution for the long term."
The Insurance Center also welcomed the assistance that the three companies provided in designing the new system. "This was our first wide-scale implementation of clusters," says Whitling. "Unisys and Microsoft helped us develop our skills and understand how to build highly available systems."
2009年4月18日星期六
about Lexington Law firm
Lexington Law firm has pioneered credit repair services over the Internet. They have been repairing credit for many years and have a select group of experienced attorney's who do nothing but credit repair. They've helped over 300,000 Americans repair their credit by removing inaccurate, misleading, or unverifiable items from their credit reports. From bankruptcies to charge-offs to tax liens, they have challenged virtually every credit problem under the sun. They're good at what they do because they believe in their work, because they enjoy what they do and they're committed to their clients. And that means they get you results you can count on, results that can literally turn your life around. Lexington Law Firm ignited the consumer credit repair revolution in 1991 with its off-line credit repair services, and reinvented the consumer credit repair process in 1997 with its eClient service. Lexington is committed to providing the best and most effective credit repair solutions to consumers through its innovative credit repair and Internet offerings.
Their service is engineered from the ground up with credit repair in mind. As a client you will find that they leverage their entire arsenal of credit repair experience and powerful strategies on your behalf. No-compromise credit repair is what they offer. The results are nothing short of amazing. But don’t just take our word for it — take a look at their statistics. They speak for themselves.
Guarantee: Our service is backed by a warranty which entitles you to some or all of your money back if enough disputed items aren’t deleted. You won’t pay for ineffective service. If we can’t deliver, you won’t get charged.
Cancel anytime: There’s no contractual obligation whatsoever. You are free to cancel the service at any time without penalty.
Unlimited deletions: Some companies charge per deletion per bureau, which means you get charged three times for each and every deletion. That’s just plain exploitative. Our staff produces deletions around the clock at no additional cost.
No hidden fees: No matter how hard you look you won’t find any hidden fees in the fine print. Because there is no fine print. One low monthly charge covers the full gamut of our service, and you never have to worry about charges sneaking up on you.
Want more proof?See for yourself by viewing their stats. Lexington Law specializes in credit repair day in and day out. By providing experienced attorney's they can battle the credit bureaus for you and save you time and stress. Of course you can attempt your own credit repair but why would you when the experienced lawyers at Lexington can do if with better results.
Their service is engineered from the ground up with credit repair in mind. As a client you will find that they leverage their entire arsenal of credit repair experience and powerful strategies on your behalf. No-compromise credit repair is what they offer. The results are nothing short of amazing. But don’t just take our word for it — take a look at their statistics. They speak for themselves.
Guarantee: Our service is backed by a warranty which entitles you to some or all of your money back if enough disputed items aren’t deleted. You won’t pay for ineffective service. If we can’t deliver, you won’t get charged.
Cancel anytime: There’s no contractual obligation whatsoever. You are free to cancel the service at any time without penalty.
Unlimited deletions: Some companies charge per deletion per bureau, which means you get charged three times for each and every deletion. That’s just plain exploitative. Our staff produces deletions around the clock at no additional cost.
No hidden fees: No matter how hard you look you won’t find any hidden fees in the fine print. Because there is no fine print. One low monthly charge covers the full gamut of our service, and you never have to worry about charges sneaking up on you.
Want more proof?See for yourself by viewing their stats. Lexington Law specializes in credit repair day in and day out. By providing experienced attorney's they can battle the credit bureaus for you and save you time and stress. Of course you can attempt your own credit repair but why would you when the experienced lawyers at Lexington can do if with better results.
lexington law firm
Lexington Law firm has pioneered credit repair services over the Internet. They have been repairing credit for many years and have a select group of experienced attorney's who do nothing but credit repair. They've helped over 300,000 Americans repair their credit by removing inaccurate, misleading, or unverifiable items from their credit reports. From bankruptcies to charge-offs to tax liens, they have challenged virtually every credit problem under the sun. They're good at what they do because they believe in their work, because they enjoy what they do and they're committed to their clients. And that means they get you results you can count on, results that can literally turn your life around.Lexington Law Firm ignited the consumer credit repair revolution in 1991 with its off-line credit repair services, and reinvented the consumer credit repair process in 1997 with its eClient service. Lexington is committed to providing the best and most effective credit repair solutions to consumers through its innovative credit repair and Internet offerings.
Their service is engineered from the ground up with credit repair in mind. As a client you will find that they leverage their entire arsenal of credit repair experience and powerful strategies on your behalf. No-compromise credit repair is what they offer. The results are nothing short of amazing. But don’t just take our word for it — take a look at their statistics. They speak for themselves.
Guarantee: Our service is backed by a warranty which entitles you to some or all of your money back if enough disputed items aren’t deleted. You won’t pay for ineffective service. If we can’t deliver, you won’t get charged.
Cancel anytime: There’s no contractual obligation whatsoever. You are free to cancel the service at any time without penalty.
Unlimited deletions: Some companies charge per deletion per bureau, which means you get charged three times for each and every deletion. That’s just plain exploitative. Our staff produces deletions around the clock at no additional cost.
No hidden fees: No matter how hard you look you won’t find any hidden fees in the fine print. Because there is no fine print. One low monthly charge covers the full gamut of our service, and you never have to worry about charges sneaking up on you.
Want more proof?See for yourself by viewing their stats. Lexington Law specializes in credit repair day in and day out. By providing experienced attorney's they can battle the credit bureaus for you and save you time and stress. Of course you can attempt your own credit repair but why would you when the experienced lawyers at Lexington can do if with better results.
Their service is engineered from the ground up with credit repair in mind. As a client you will find that they leverage their entire arsenal of credit repair experience and powerful strategies on your behalf. No-compromise credit repair is what they offer. The results are nothing short of amazing. But don’t just take our word for it — take a look at their statistics. They speak for themselves.
Guarantee: Our service is backed by a warranty which entitles you to some or all of your money back if enough disputed items aren’t deleted. You won’t pay for ineffective service. If we can’t deliver, you won’t get charged.
Cancel anytime: There’s no contractual obligation whatsoever. You are free to cancel the service at any time without penalty.
Unlimited deletions: Some companies charge per deletion per bureau, which means you get charged three times for each and every deletion. That’s just plain exploitative. Our staff produces deletions around the clock at no additional cost.
No hidden fees: No matter how hard you look you won’t find any hidden fees in the fine print. Because there is no fine print. One low monthly charge covers the full gamut of our service, and you never have to worry about charges sneaking up on you.
Want more proof?See for yourself by viewing their stats. Lexington Law specializes in credit repair day in and day out. By providing experienced attorney's they can battle the credit bureaus for you and save you time and stress. Of course you can attempt your own credit repair but why would you when the experienced lawyers at Lexington can do if with better results.
Pleural mesothelioma
Pleural mesothelioma is pleural primary tumor, localized (mostly benign) and diffuse (all malignant) Points. One of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the chest tumor one of the worst prognosis. The majority of patients in the 40-70 age Among men more than women. The first symptoms chest pain, cough and shortness of breath is the most common. Also in fever, sweating or joint pain symptoms mainly v. Persons. About half of these patients with massive pleural effusion serious shortness of breath. Chest pain without substantial pleural effusion, often more drama Ranariddh, weight loss common. Ordinary X-ray found pleural effusion, pulmonary tumor tissue was wrapped, late There are cases of pericardial effusion caused the heart to expand and Ying Ying and soft tissue damage and ribs. The suspected malignant pleural mesothelioma patients, CT is most useful. Cytological examination of pleural fluid also helped consultation Broken. Routine laboratory tests, some patients can increase platelet serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) increased Etc.. The checks can clear diagnosis can be done thoracoscopy pleural biopsy. Most patients can generally This was the diagnosis. The treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma is still no effective cure method. Treatment methods, a palliative In treatment, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the tumor is generally believed that the relative limitations of the Phase I People do advocate radical resection of the lung pleura. For II, III, IV stage patients, radical surgery has no significance The only implementation of palliative surgery. In fact, the majority of patients to disease diagnosis, is in Phase II to On. The rapid growth in patients with pleural effusion often lead to serious breathing difficulties, palliative surgery for raising these nights The quality of life of patients is of great significance. Previous intrathoracic dissipated injection of chemotherapy drugs to pleural effusion or Locking adhesion method often effective. Peritoneal Mesothelioma Peritoneal mesothelioma is the primary peritoneal mesothelial cells in the tumor. A clinical performance characteristics of the common symptoms And signs are: abdominal pain, ascites, abdominal distention and abdominal mass,. Peritoneal mesothelioma about all mesothelioma cases 20% can occur in 2-92 years, with an average age of 54 years, of which about 63% of cases in 45 -- Between the age of 64, children are rarely sick. Clinical manifestations 1. Abdominal pain, bloating, ascites, abdominal mass; 2. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation; 3. Weak, Fever, weight loss, anemia; 4. Hypoglycemia, diffuse abdominal ossification; 5. As with other parts of peritoneal mesothelioma Mesothelioma, transferring organs and other complications corresponding performance. Diagnosis 1. Abdominal pain, bloating, ascites, abdominal mass in patients, especially the history of asbestos exposure; 2. Imaging examination of peritoneal A thin sheet signs and ascites tumor; 3. Ascites cytology screening; 4. Peritoneal biopsy, laparoscopy and laparotomy Exploration and admission to the Organization for pathological examination confirmed. Peritoneal mesothelioma originated in the epithelium and peritoneal mesothelial organizations, pathogenic material for the asbestos dust, some viruses can be Mesothelioma is caused reasons. Peritoneal mesothelioma pathology can be divided into: adenomatoid tumors, cystic mesothelioma and malignant Three of the skin. Peritoneal mesothelioma is not specific clinical performance, the positive rate is not high, specificity is not strong, The clinical diagnosis is difficult. With laparoscopy, ultrasound and CT-guided biopsy in technology and Pathology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy diagnosis level increases, more and more cases had been prescribed or preoperative Indeed the pathological diagnosis. Peritoneal mesothelioma mainly with tuberculous peritonitis, intra-abdominal metastases, in the abdominal other primary Membrane omentum of the tumor differentiation.
Natural Asbestos Causes Health Concern
June 4th, 2008
A park in California has had almost half its 75,000 acres shut to the public after high levels of naturally occurring asbestos was found. The asbestos is in the soil at the park, and can become airborne with normal activities.
A central California park has shut half its site down to the public after high levels of asbestos were found in the soil. The asbestos is naturally found in the soil of the park, and activities such as hiking, biking and riding recreational vehicles can cause the material to become airborne. Nearly 31,000 acres of the park was closed after findings from air tests were reviewed as a precaution due to the possibility of airborne asbestos.
Asbestos in its natural form normally does not pose a health threat to the public unless the ground is disturbed. In heavy traffic areas, such as hiking and off-road trails, the material can break apart and become airborne. Airborne asbestos exposure has been known to cause illnesses like asbestosis and mesothelioma. Mesothelioma, a type of deadly lung cancer, can take years to diagnose and is often terminal at the time of detection. Two meetings are planned during the summer to address the asbestos issue.
A park in California has had almost half its 75,000 acres shut to the public after high levels of naturally occurring asbestos was found. The asbestos is in the soil at the park, and can become airborne with normal activities.
A central California park has shut half its site down to the public after high levels of asbestos were found in the soil. The asbestos is naturally found in the soil of the park, and activities such as hiking, biking and riding recreational vehicles can cause the material to become airborne. Nearly 31,000 acres of the park was closed after findings from air tests were reviewed as a precaution due to the possibility of airborne asbestos.
Asbestos in its natural form normally does not pose a health threat to the public unless the ground is disturbed. In heavy traffic areas, such as hiking and off-road trails, the material can break apart and become airborne. Airborne asbestos exposure has been known to cause illnesses like asbestosis and mesothelioma. Mesothelioma, a type of deadly lung cancer, can take years to diagnose and is often terminal at the time of detection. Two meetings are planned during the summer to address the asbestos issue.
what is Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is one of the deadliest diseases known to man; the average life span of an inflicted person from the time of diagnosis until death is less than 24 months. It’s a disease that strikes approximately 3,000 United States citizens each and every year; hard working people who have labored for a lifetime to provide for their families, doing the work that keeps this country running and a great place to live. They worked in factories, at shipyards, in mines, for the US military, as engineers, as pipefitters, as steel workers, as auto mechanics, and in so many other professions. They came home to their loved ones exhausted and covered in dirt and dust; tired, but content that they had a job and were providing for their family. Content that they were putting food on the table and a house over their loved one’s heads. Content that they were working to make a better life for their families in this generation and the next...
But what they didn’t know was that while they were working so hard, they were not only slowly killing themselves, but those that they were working so hard to help; their family, their loved ones.
Mesothelioma is a disease that is almost 100% preventable; the only known cause is via exposure to the deadly mineral Asbestos. It comes from inhaling the particles of dust as the asbestos degrades; eating away at the lining of your lungs and developing into a deadly cancer. Dust that was inhaled in clouds of white powder, dust that was carried home on the clothes of the men who built this country, dust that was cleaned from the clothes by the wives and children who supported their sole provider at home, dust that was packed around the heating systems in houses and offices and schools, dust that carried a deadly price; and dust made a fortune in blood money for the companies that produced it.
Unfortunately, the effects of asbestos on the human body were known to be deadly for years by the companies who employed the ‘greatest generation’ and made hundreds of millions, if not billions, of dollars off of their backs. But instead of taking simple steps to alleviate the problem and save the lives of thousands of their workers, they choose to do nothing and continue to make a “healthy” profit with a “deadly” product. Many even went so far as to hide the truth from their workers and their families. And because the normal latency period for Mesothelioma (The time from exposure until the patient falls ill) is 20 to 30 years, many got away with this for years. We are only now beginning to see the full effects of the disease, and feel the terrible outcry of the people against those who put profits before human lives to a degree that is simply unfathomable.
MesoLink.org is a site created to provide you with up to date information on the deadly disease Mesothelioma. We strive to provide the most complete overview of the disease and all aspects of it. This includes general information on the disease, breaking news on the search for a cure and perspective legislation designed to limit you as well as all other news on the subject, links to other sites and online resources that can provide important and in-depth Mesothelioma and cancer related information, and a legal guide to help you with the complex legal issues involved with Mesothelioma.
But what they didn’t know was that while they were working so hard, they were not only slowly killing themselves, but those that they were working so hard to help; their family, their loved ones.
Mesothelioma is a disease that is almost 100% preventable; the only known cause is via exposure to the deadly mineral Asbestos. It comes from inhaling the particles of dust as the asbestos degrades; eating away at the lining of your lungs and developing into a deadly cancer. Dust that was inhaled in clouds of white powder, dust that was carried home on the clothes of the men who built this country, dust that was cleaned from the clothes by the wives and children who supported their sole provider at home, dust that was packed around the heating systems in houses and offices and schools, dust that carried a deadly price; and dust made a fortune in blood money for the companies that produced it.
Unfortunately, the effects of asbestos on the human body were known to be deadly for years by the companies who employed the ‘greatest generation’ and made hundreds of millions, if not billions, of dollars off of their backs. But instead of taking simple steps to alleviate the problem and save the lives of thousands of their workers, they choose to do nothing and continue to make a “healthy” profit with a “deadly” product. Many even went so far as to hide the truth from their workers and their families. And because the normal latency period for Mesothelioma (The time from exposure until the patient falls ill) is 20 to 30 years, many got away with this for years. We are only now beginning to see the full effects of the disease, and feel the terrible outcry of the people against those who put profits before human lives to a degree that is simply unfathomable.
MesoLink.org is a site created to provide you with up to date information on the deadly disease Mesothelioma. We strive to provide the most complete overview of the disease and all aspects of it. This includes general information on the disease, breaking news on the search for a cure and perspective legislation designed to limit you as well as all other news on the subject, links to other sites and online resources that can provide important and in-depth Mesothelioma and cancer related information, and a legal guide to help you with the complex legal issues involved with Mesothelioma.
about Point of sale software
Keystroke POS Point Of Sale Software System - Home PageKeystroke POS Point Of Sale Software System - Home Page Of The Specialized Business Solutions Web Site.
POS Software & Systems Group - Point Of Sale Software, Hardware ...Provides pos software and systems to retail, restaurant, and rental businesses.
Retail Plus POS Software - Affordable Point of Sales & Inventory ...Point of sale software with inventory control, sales tracking, invoicing, purchase orders, client database and support for various POS devices. [Win 95/98/NT/DOS]
Point of Sale Hardware and Software - pointofsale.comPOSitive Software Company: POS software solutions for your business.
Inventory Control / Point of Sale SoftwareAtrex Inventory Control/Point of Sale for Win 95/98/NT/2000/XP.
Welcome to Microbiz.com, Point of Sale software and hardware for ...Popular Windows based POS system targeted towards smaller hardgoods retailers.
Point of Sale Software: pos software, pos sales system, retail and ...The Capterra Point of Sale Software Directory helps IT buyers find, compare, and research Point of Sale software solutions.
Point of Sale (POS) Software Page 1The software in this section is primarily for the business user. Home users will also find much that is useful. Included in this section are Personal Information Managers, Accounting software, Investor's tools and much more.
Plexis POS Software / Point Of Sale SoftwareOffers software for Windows 98, NT, and Windows 2000. Includes support faq, downloadable demonstration and manual.
Retail/Wholesale Software SolutionThai company offers point of sale management software and restaurant management software solutions.
POS Software & Systems Group - Point Of Sale Software, Hardware ...Provides pos software and systems to retail, restaurant, and rental businesses.
Retail Plus POS Software - Affordable Point of Sales & Inventory ...Point of sale software with inventory control, sales tracking, invoicing, purchase orders, client database and support for various POS devices. [Win 95/98/NT/DOS]
Point of Sale Hardware and Software - pointofsale.comPOSitive Software Company: POS software solutions for your business.
Inventory Control / Point of Sale SoftwareAtrex Inventory Control/Point of Sale for Win 95/98/NT/2000/XP.
Welcome to Microbiz.com, Point of Sale software and hardware for ...Popular Windows based POS system targeted towards smaller hardgoods retailers.
Point of Sale Software: pos software, pos sales system, retail and ...The Capterra Point of Sale Software Directory helps IT buyers find, compare, and research Point of Sale software solutions.
Point of Sale (POS) Software Page 1The software in this section is primarily for the business user. Home users will also find much that is useful. Included in this section are Personal Information Managers, Accounting software, Investor's tools and much more.
Plexis POS Software / Point Of Sale SoftwareOffers software for Windows 98, NT, and Windows 2000. Includes support faq, downloadable demonstration and manual.
Retail/Wholesale Software SolutionThai company offers point of sale management software and restaurant management software solutions.
What is Point of Sale?
What is Point of Sale?
POS stands for Point Of Sale. This is a rather broad definition that can include merchandising aids, displays and the methods used to enable transactions. In our case, we're talking about the hardware and software that runs both the front counter and back office operations of a business.
For a small gift store, a basic POS system would consist of a computer, cash drawer, barcode scanner, receipt printer and the appropriate POS software. A service organization, like a lawn care company, wouldn't need a cash drawer or a receipt printer. But they might want a laser printer for their service invoices. Again, you have the flexibility to easily customize a POS system for your particular business.
The heart of any POS system is the computer (or computers) that runs the POS software. We understand the temptation to use an older computer or maybe one of the really low cost models available through the "superstores". But remember, once up and running, your business will be depending on this equipment, so a good quality computer is important. For example, all of our custom built-systems use high quality, name brand parts and will work reliably for years. The same advice goes for all the other components. A basic cash drawer will get the job done, but the heavy duty models really are built better and will last longer. CCD barcode scanners are more reliable than the old pencil type wands, but they're still designed to work with flat, easy to read barcodes. Laser scanners not only have a greater range, but the laser can wrap around bottles, bags or follow irregular shapes much better than the CCD models. Printer technology is also improving. The workhorse of the industry used to be dot-matrix printers, and they're still fairly popular, but thermal technology is faster, quieter and reasonably priced. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS's), or battery back-ups, are affordably priced and will keep you up and running during power glitches or short outages. Remember, your business will be depending on this equipment. If you're going to be using it a lot, spend the extra money and get the heavy duty models and UPS's.
POS system not only gives you control over your transactions, it also puts a wealth of information at your finger tips. Imagine being able to compare year to date and month to date sales with just a few keystrokes. A database of your customers can be a powerful marketing tool. A POS system can also track your inventory, automatically creating order lists as needed, even adjusting quantities for seasonal demand. In short, a POS system helps you keep a constant eye on your bottom line.
What is Point of Sale?
POS stands for Point Of Sale. This is a rather broad definition that can include merchandising aids, displays and the methods used to enable transactions. In our case, we're talking about the hardware and software that runs both the front counter and back office operations of a business.
For a small gift store, a basic POS system would consist of a computer, cash drawer, barcode scanner, receipt printer and the appropriate POS software. A service organization, like a lawn care company, wouldn't need a cash drawer or a receipt printer. But they might want a laser printer for their service invoices. Again, you have the flexibility to easily customize a POS system for your particular business.
The heart of any POS system is the computer (or computers) that runs the POS software. We understand the temptation to use an older computer or maybe one of the really low cost models available through the "superstores". But remember, once up and running, your business will be depending on this equipment, so a good quality computer is important. For example, all of our custom built-systems use high quality, name brand parts and will work reliably for years. The same advice goes for all the other components. A basic cash drawer will get the job done, but the heavy duty models really are built better and will last longer. CCD barcode scanners are more reliable than the old pencil type wands, but they're still designed to work with flat, easy to read barcodes. Laser scanners not only have a greater range, but the laser can wrap around bottles, bags or follow irregular shapes much better than the CCD models. Printer technology is also improving. The workhorse of the industry used to be dot-matrix printers, and they're still fairly popular, but thermal technology is faster, quieter and reasonably priced. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS's), or battery back-ups, are affordably priced and will keep you up and running during power glitches or short outages. Remember, your business will be depending on this equipment. If you're going to be using it a lot, spend the extra money and get the heavy duty models and UPS's.
POS system not only gives you control over your transactions, it also puts a wealth of information at your finger tips. Imagine being able to compare year to date and month to date sales with just a few keystrokes. A database of your customers can be a powerful marketing tool. A POS system can also track your inventory, automatically creating order lists as needed, even adjusting quantities for seasonal demand. In short, a POS system helps you keep a constant eye on your bottom line.
POS stands for Point Of Sale. This is a rather broad definition that can include merchandising aids, displays and the methods used to enable transactions. In our case, we're talking about the hardware and software that runs both the front counter and back office operations of a business.
For a small gift store, a basic POS system would consist of a computer, cash drawer, barcode scanner, receipt printer and the appropriate POS software. A service organization, like a lawn care company, wouldn't need a cash drawer or a receipt printer. But they might want a laser printer for their service invoices. Again, you have the flexibility to easily customize a POS system for your particular business.
The heart of any POS system is the computer (or computers) that runs the POS software. We understand the temptation to use an older computer or maybe one of the really low cost models available through the "superstores". But remember, once up and running, your business will be depending on this equipment, so a good quality computer is important. For example, all of our custom built-systems use high quality, name brand parts and will work reliably for years. The same advice goes for all the other components. A basic cash drawer will get the job done, but the heavy duty models really are built better and will last longer. CCD barcode scanners are more reliable than the old pencil type wands, but they're still designed to work with flat, easy to read barcodes. Laser scanners not only have a greater range, but the laser can wrap around bottles, bags or follow irregular shapes much better than the CCD models. Printer technology is also improving. The workhorse of the industry used to be dot-matrix printers, and they're still fairly popular, but thermal technology is faster, quieter and reasonably priced. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS's), or battery back-ups, are affordably priced and will keep you up and running during power glitches or short outages. Remember, your business will be depending on this equipment. If you're going to be using it a lot, spend the extra money and get the heavy duty models and UPS's.
POS system not only gives you control over your transactions, it also puts a wealth of information at your finger tips. Imagine being able to compare year to date and month to date sales with just a few keystrokes. A database of your customers can be a powerful marketing tool. A POS system can also track your inventory, automatically creating order lists as needed, even adjusting quantities for seasonal demand. In short, a POS system helps you keep a constant eye on your bottom line.
What is Point of Sale?
POS stands for Point Of Sale. This is a rather broad definition that can include merchandising aids, displays and the methods used to enable transactions. In our case, we're talking about the hardware and software that runs both the front counter and back office operations of a business.
For a small gift store, a basic POS system would consist of a computer, cash drawer, barcode scanner, receipt printer and the appropriate POS software. A service organization, like a lawn care company, wouldn't need a cash drawer or a receipt printer. But they might want a laser printer for their service invoices. Again, you have the flexibility to easily customize a POS system for your particular business.
The heart of any POS system is the computer (or computers) that runs the POS software. We understand the temptation to use an older computer or maybe one of the really low cost models available through the "superstores". But remember, once up and running, your business will be depending on this equipment, so a good quality computer is important. For example, all of our custom built-systems use high quality, name brand parts and will work reliably for years. The same advice goes for all the other components. A basic cash drawer will get the job done, but the heavy duty models really are built better and will last longer. CCD barcode scanners are more reliable than the old pencil type wands, but they're still designed to work with flat, easy to read barcodes. Laser scanners not only have a greater range, but the laser can wrap around bottles, bags or follow irregular shapes much better than the CCD models. Printer technology is also improving. The workhorse of the industry used to be dot-matrix printers, and they're still fairly popular, but thermal technology is faster, quieter and reasonably priced. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS's), or battery back-ups, are affordably priced and will keep you up and running during power glitches or short outages. Remember, your business will be depending on this equipment. If you're going to be using it a lot, spend the extra money and get the heavy duty models and UPS's.
POS system not only gives you control over your transactions, it also puts a wealth of information at your finger tips. Imagine being able to compare year to date and month to date sales with just a few keystrokes. A database of your customers can be a powerful marketing tool. A POS system can also track your inventory, automatically creating order lists as needed, even adjusting quantities for seasonal demand. In short, a POS system helps you keep a constant eye on your bottom line.
POINT OF SALE SOFTWARE
If you’ve been in any store lately, you know that old fashioned cash registers are a thing of a past. Now, retail associates pull customers’ names up on a screen with fields for all kinds of information. They enter this information when clientele buy or return anything. This whole system is being managed by point of sale software. This type of software helps business owners handle their sales, inventory, and customers. It typically consists of a network with a number of workstations sharing the information across the system. Why would a company want to invest in point of sale software? The reasons are simple, but essential to running a smooth business. How else would you keep track of all the customer transactions in one day? One month? One year? Think about all the sales that might go on just before the winter holiday season. Now what about all the returns, exchanges and refunds that begin on Boxing Day and the weeks that follow. With the mounds of inventory going out and coming back in and then going back out again, a point of sale software enables businesses to track it all. Without point of sale software, retailers and service providers are left to their human resources to monitor these things. This means less time and money spent in the right place.
2009年4月11日星期六
La Folie décida d’inviter ses amis pour prendre un café chez elle
La Folie décida d’inviter ses amis pour prendre un café chez elle.Tous les invités y allèrent. Après le café la Folie proposa : On joue à cache-cache ? Cache-cache ? C’est quoi, ça ? -demanda la Curiosité."Cache-cache est un jeu. Je compte jusqu’à cent et vous vous cachez.Quand j’ai fini de compter je cherche, et le premier que je trouve sera le prochain à compter."Tous acceptèrent, sauf la Peur et la Paresse."1,2,3,……"-la Folie commenca à compter.L’Empressement se cacha le premier, n’importe où.La Timidité,timide comme toujours, se cacha dans une touffe d’arbre. La Joie courut au milieu du jardin.La Tristesse commenca à pleurer, car elle ne trouvait pas d’endroit approprié pour se cacher.L’Envie accompagna le Triomphe et se cacha près de lui dirrière un rocher.La Folie continuait de compter tandis que ses amis se cachaient. Le Désespoir étaient désespéré en voyant que la Folie était déjà ànonante-neuf."CENT!!!" cria la Folie. "Je vais commencer à chercher..."La première à être trouvée fut la Curiosité, car elle n’avaitpu s’empêcher de sortir de sa cachette pour voir qui serait le premier découvert.En regardant sur le côté, la Folie vit le Doute au-dessus d’une cloture ne sachant pas de quel côté. Et ainsi de suite, elle découvrit la Joie, la Tristesse, la Timidité……Quand ils étaient tous réunis, la Curiosité demanda :"Où est l’Amour?"Personne ne l’avait vu. La Folie commença à le chercher.Elle chercha au-dussus d’une montagne, dans les rivières au pied des rochers.Mais elle ne trouvait pas l’Amour. Cherchant de tous cotés, la Folie vit un rosier, pris un bout de bois et commença à chercher parmi les branches, lorsque soudain elle entendit un cri. C’était l’Amour, qui criait parce qu’une épine lui avait crevé un oeil.La Folie ne savait pas quoi faire. Elle s’excusa, implora l’ Amour pour avoir son pardon et alla jusqu’à lui promettre de le suivre pourtoujours. L’’Amour accepta les excuses.Aujourd’hui, l’Amour est aveugle et la Folie l’accompagne toujours.
外汇术语
All or None - A limit price order that requires the entire order to be filled at the stated price or not at all. Arbitrage - The simultaneous purchase and sale of an instrument in two different markets to profit from a temporary price disparity. Base Currency - The currency against which other currencies are quoted. Example, the primary base currency is the u.s. dollar. Basis - The spot price minus the futures price. Best Effort - An order to be executed at the best available price. Discretion is given to the dealer as to when to execute the order. Bid - The price for which a willing buyer will purchase the asset. Broker - An individual who matches buy and sell orders in return for a commission. The bid and offer prices are those of the market participants and not of the broker, unlike market makers. Cable - A market term used for the British Pound Sterling. Covered Interest Rate Arbitrage - A transaction which consists of borrowing in currency A, in exchange for currency B, investing currency B and covering in the forward market. The transaction takes advantage of interest rate differentials. Credit Line - The amount of foreign currency exposure a firm will allow a client to take. Credit Risk - The idea that an outstanding currency position will not be repaid as agreed by the counterparty, either voluntarily or not. Also known as counterparty risk. Cross Rates - Often referred to as the exchange rate between any two currencies not involving the u.s. dollar. In reality, however, all rates are technically cross rates. Cost of Carry - The cost of borrowing money in order to maintain a position. It is based on the interest parity which determines the forward price. Daylight Position Limit - Position limits on a currency or aggregate on a series of currencies that a trader can carry during regular trading hours. Direct Dealing - An approach whereby dealers contact each other to transact without a broker. Discount Forward Spread - The forward points that is subtracted from the spot to arrive at the forward price. This means that the foreign interest rate is lower than the u.s. rate for the period. Also known as swap points. Exotic Currency - A currency with little liquidity and limited dealing, which is neither a major or minor currency. Forward Outright - A foreign exchange deal with a maturity beyond the spot delivery date. Forward Spread - Refers to the forward premium or discount that the forward price trades at. The forward price is calculated with the spot price, interest rate differential, and days to delivery. Initial Margin - The margin paid initially to trade currency futures or margined otc forex. A traders loss may not exceed this margin per contract/lot. Interest Rate - Interest rates may be determined by a simple rule using the bid and offer spread on an fx rate. If the rate quoted is in european terms and the offered price is higher than the bid, then you know that the interest rate is that nation is higher than the rate in the base nation for the particular time in question. If quoted in american terms, the opposite is true.Example - usd/jpy quoted 105.75 to 105.65Because the offered price is lower than the bid, then you know that rates are lower in japan than in the u.s. Kiwi - A market term for the New Zealand Dollar. Libor - London Interbank Offered Rate. This is the rate at which banks will lend to each other, set at 11:00 a.m. London time. Major Currency - The euro, d-mark, swiss franc, british pound, and japanese yen. Market Maker - One that consistently makes two way prices, providing both a bid and an offer. Unlike brokers, market makers trade their capital, although they will hedge. Mark-to-Market - A system by which futures contracts and other markets are revalued using closing market prices to determine cash flow requirements for margin purposes. Matching Systems - An electronic system that attempts to duplicate the brokers market. Bids and offers are available to any bank for execution. EBS is a matching system. Minor Currency - The canadian dollar, the australian dollar, and the kiwi are minor currencies. Negative Carry - A market position whereby the currency owned pays a lower rate of interest than that of the currency borrowed resulting in a negative cash flow. Offer - The price for which a willing seller will sell the asset. Overnight Position Limit - Position limits on a currency or aggregate on a series of currencies that a trader can carry during overnight trading hours. These limits are usually smaller than day light position limits. Pip - The term used in the otc currency markets to denote the smallest incremental move an exchange rate can make. Positive Carry - A market position whereby the currency owned pays a higher rate of interest than that of the currency borrowed, resulting in a positive cash flow. Premium Forward Spread - The forward points that is added to the spot price to determine a forward price. A forward premium means that the foreign interest rate is higher than the u.s. rate for the period. Purchasing Power Parity - This states that the price for a good in one nation should be equal to the price of the same good in any other nation, all things being equal, exchanged at the current rate. Quotation American Terms - A quotation that reflects the number of usd units per foreign currency. Quotation European Terms - A quotation that reflects the number of foreign currency units per us dollars. Rollover - A transaction designed for spot deals whereby the delivery is extended and "exchanged" from the old spot delivery date to the current spot delivery date. Swap points are either subtracted or added reflecting either a positive cost of carry of negative. Spot Deal - An fx deal whereby a party will deliver a certain currency against receiving a certain amount of another currency based on an agreed rate from another party, within 2 business days, 1 day for the cad which is the exception. Spot Next - An fx deal which matures one business day past the spot date, thus, 3 business days to maturity. Swap Deal - An fx deal which consists of a simultaneous purchase and sale for different maturity dates with the same counterparty. Tom Next - Tommorrow next, is an fx deal which matures one day prior to a regular spot deal, thus maturity is the next business day. Two-Way Price - A quotation with both the bid and offer price. Variation Margin - The margin necessary to fully cover any losses by a trader. Variation margin is required to bring the account back up to the initial margin requirements.All or None - A limit price order that requires the entire order to be filled at the stated price or not at all. Arbitrage - The simultaneous purchase and sale of an instrument in two different markets to profit from a temporary price disparity. Base Currency - The currency against which other currencies are quoted. Example, the primary base currency is the u.s. dollar. Basis - The spot price minus the futures price. Best Effort - An order to be executed at the best available price. Discretion is given to the dealer as to when to execute the order. Bid - The price for which a willing buyer will purchase the asset. Broker - An individual who matches buy and sell orders in return for a commission. The bid and offer prices are those of the market participants and not of the broker, unlike market makers. Cable - A market term used for the British Pound Sterling. Covered Interest Rate Arbitrage - A transaction which consists of borrowing in currency A, in exchange for currency B, investing currency B and covering in the forward market. The transaction takes advantage of interest rate differentials. Credit Line - The amount of foreign currency exposure a firm will allow a client to take. Credit Risk - The idea that an outstanding currency position will not be repaid as agreed by the counterparty, either voluntarily or not. Also known as counterparty risk. Cross Rates - Often referred to as the exchange rate between any two currencies not involving the u.s. dollar. In reality, however, all rates are technically cross rates. Cost of Carry - The cost of borrowing money in order to maintain a position. It is based on the interest parity which determines the forward price. Daylight Position Limit - Position limits on a currency or aggregate on a series of currencies that a trader can carry during regular trading hours. Direct Dealing - An approach whereby dealers contact each other to transact without a broker. Discount Forward Spread - The forward points that is subtracted from the spot to arrive at the forward price. This means that the foreign interest rate is lower than the u.s. rate for the period. Also known as swap points. Exotic Currency - A currency with little liquidity and limited dealing, which is neither a major or minor currency. Forward Outright - A foreign exchange deal with a maturity beyond the spot delivery date. Forward Spread - Refers to the forward premium or discount that the forward price trades at. The forward price is calculated with the spot price, interest rate differential, and days to delivery. Initial Margin - The margin paid initially to trade currency futures or margined otc forex. A traders loss may not exceed this margin per contract/lot. Interest Rate - Interest rates may be determined by a simple rule using the bid and offer spread on an fx rate. If the rate quoted is in european terms and the offered price is higher than the bid, then you know that the interest rate is that nation is higher than the rate in the base nation for the particular time in question. If quoted in american terms, the opposite is true.Example - usd/jpy quoted 105.75 to 105.65Because the offered price is lower than the bid, then you know that rates are lower in japan than in the u.s. Kiwi - A market term for the New Zealand Dollar. Libor - London Interbank Offered Rate. This is the rate at which banks will lend to each other, set at 11:00 a.m. London time. Major Currency - The euro, d-mark, swiss franc, british pound, and japanese yen. Market Maker - One that consistently makes two way prices, providing both a bid and an offer. Unlike brokers, market makers trade their capital, although they will hedge. Mark-to-Market - A system by which futures contracts and other markets are revalued using closing market prices to determine cash flow requirements for margin purposes. Matching Systems - An electronic system that attempts to duplicate the brokers market. Bids and offers are available to any bank for execution. EBS is a matching system. Minor Currency - The canadian dollar, the australian dollar, and the kiwi are minor currencies. Negative Carry - A market position whereby the currency owned pays a lower rate of interest than that of the currency borrowed resulting in a negative cash flow. Offer - The price for which a willing seller will sell the asset. Overnight Position Limit - Position limits on a currency or aggregate on a series of currencies that a trader can carry during overnight trading hours. These limits are usually smaller than day light position limits. Pip - The term used in the otc currency markets to denote the smallest incremental move an exchange rate can make. Positive Carry - A market position whereby the currency owned pays a higher rate of interest than that of the currency borrowed, resulting in a positive cash flow. Premium Forward Spread - The forward points that is added to the spot price to determine a forward price. A forward premium means that the foreign interest rate is higher than the u.s. rate for the period. Purchasing Power Parity - This states that the price for a good in one nation should be equal to the price of the same good in any other nation, all things being equal, exchanged at the current rate. Quotation American Terms - A quotation that reflects the number of usd units per foreign currency. Quotation European Terms - A quotation that reflects the number of foreign currency units per us dollars. Rollover - A transaction designed for spot deals whereby the delivery is extended and "exchanged" from the old spot delivery date to the current spot delivery date. Swap points are either subtracted or added reflecting either a positive cost of carry of negative. Spot Deal - An fx deal whereby a party will deliver a certain currency against receiving a certain amount of another currency based on an agreed rate from another party, within 2 business days, 1 day for the cad which is the exception. Spot Next - An fx deal which matures one business day past the spot date, thus, 3 business days to maturity. Swap Deal - An fx deal which consists of a simultaneous purchase and sale for different maturity dates with the same counterparty. Tom Next - Tommorrow next, is an fx deal which matures one day prior to a regular spot deal, thus maturity is the next business day. Two-Way Price - A quotation with both the bid and offer price. Variation Margin - The margin necessary to fully cover any losses by a trader. Variation margin is required to bring the account back up to the initial margin requirements.
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